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Graphite lined stamp
A graphite lined stamp is a postage stamp on which vertical lines of electro-conductive graphite are printed on the reverse. Graphite lined stamps were used in the United Kingdom from 1957 to 1960 as an experiment in the automation of mail sorting.〔"Great Britain" in ''Commonwealth & British Empire Stamps 1840-1970'', Stanley Gibbons, 2008, page GB17.〕
== Usage and appearance ==
In the United Kingdom, graphite lines were used exclusively on five stamps of the Wilding series from December 1957.〔 They appear as one or two black lines printed vertically under the gum.〔 The two lined stamps were to identify ''fully paid'' mail, which eventually became ''first class'' mail, while stamps with only one line paid the ''printed matter'' rate, or ''second class'' mail as it eventually became. On the two lined stamps, the bands are usually found widely spaced so that one appears at either side of the stamp, but they may also be found close together due to printing errors on the one and a half pence stamp.〔 Several other errors of misplaced graphite lines are also known and not all are included in the Stanley Gibbons catalogue.〔The 2003 Catalogue of Queen Elizabeth II British Postage Stamp Errors, Tom Pierron, Bacchic Multimedia, 2003. pp.285-288. ISBN 0-9544501-0-8〕
The use of graphite lines was developed by British Post Office scientists in conjunction with the stamp printers Harrison & Sons of High Wycombe and the stamps were first used in an experimental machine at Southampton. The machine used scanners to detect the graphite lines and to ''face'' the letters so that the stamp was always in the top right corner. The machine could also sort the letters according to the number of graphite lines on the stamps so that fully paid and printed matter stamps were separated. The machine then cancelled the letters. This was the first time that this had been done automatically.〔"The Realm of Stamps" by Montor in ''The Canadian Philatelist'', Vol.8, No.6, Nov-Dec 1957, p.8. ()〕
From November 1959, graphite lined stamps were issued with phosphor bands printed on the front of the stamp.〔"Great Britain" in ''Commonwealth & British Empire Stamps 1840-1970'', Stanley Gibbons, 2008, page GB17-18.〕 Ultimately, graphite band marking was superseded by the use of phosphor band marking which was a more effective form of mail sorting and only phosphor bands remained on Wilding stamps after .〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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